![]() It’s important to acknowledge that global population rates also affect estimates: the top 10 countries with the highest estimated absolute number of victims are also some of the most populous. “Profits on a per-slave basis can range from a few thousand dollars to a few hundred thousand dollars a year, with total annual slavery profits estimated to be as high as $150bn.” “It turns out that slavery today is more profitable than I could have imagined,” Kara said. Joe, 10, and Kwame, 12, who were sold by their mother to a fisherman in Ghana. A forced labourer generates roughly $8,000 in annual profit for their exploiter, while sex traffickers earn an average of $36,000 per victim. The one-off cost of a slave today is $450, Kara estimates. Modern migration flows also mean that a large supply of vulnerable, exploitable people can be tapped into for global supply chains in the agriculture, beauty, fashion and sex industries.Īccording to slavery expert Siddharth Kara, modern slave traders now earn up to 30 times more than their 18th and 19th century counterparts would have done. Whereas slave traders two centuries ago were forced to contend with costly journeys and high mortality rates, modern exploiters have lower overheads thanks to huge advances in technology and transportation. Globally, slavery generates as much as $150bn (£116bn) in profits every year, more than one third of which ($46.9bn) is generated in developed countries, including the EU. But there isn’t a single country that isn’t tainted by slavery: 1.5 million victims are living in developed countries, with an estimated 13,000 enslaved here in the UK. Forced marriage is most prevalent in Africa. More than 70% of the 4.8 million sex exploitation victims are in the Asia and Pacific region. “We believe that the global estimate of 40.3 million is the most reliable data to date, although we believe it to be a conservative estimate as there were millions of people we couldn’t reach in conflict zones or on the refugee trail and places where we couldn’t be sure of collecting robust data such as the Gulf states, where access and language barriers prevented us from reaching the migrant worker communities,” said Michaëlle de Cock, a senior statistician at the ILO. Statistically, modern slavery is most prevalent in Africa, followed by Asia and the Pacific, according to the Global Slavery Index, which publishes country-by-country rankings on modern slavery figures and government responses to tackle the issues.īut the ILO and Walk Free warn that these figures are likely skewed due to lack of data from key regions. In certain countries such as Mauritania, people are born into “hereditary” slavery if their mother was a slave.Īgain, women and girls bear the brunt of these statistics, comprising 99% of all victims in the commercial sex industry, and 58% in other sectors, according to the ILO. Slaves clean houses and flats produce the clothes we wear pick the fruit and vegetables we eat trawl the seas for the shrimp on our restaurant plates dig for the minerals used in our smartphones, makeup and electric cars and work on construction jobs building infrastructure for the 2022 Qatar World Cup.Īnother 4.8 million people working in forced labour are estimated to be sexually exploited, while roughly 4.1 million people are in state-sanctioned forced labour, which includes governmental abuse of military conscription and forced construction or agricultural work. Of the 24.9 million people trapped in forced labour, the majority (16 million) work in the private sector. Women can fall into a dark spiral of sexual exploitation and forced, unpaid prostitution, unable to escape.
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